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历代志下第14章-亚撒的统治

A. 亚撒统治的特点。

1. (1-6)亚撒王的统治蒙神祝福。

亚比雅与他列祖同睡,葬在大卫城里。他儿子亚撒接续他作王。亚撒年间,国中太平十年。亚撒行耶和华他神眼中看为善为正的事,除掉外邦神的坛和邱坛,打碎柱像,砍下木偶,吩咐犹大人寻求耶和华他们列祖的神,遵行他的律法诫命;又在犹大各城邑除掉邱坛和日像,那时国享太平;又在犹大建造了几座坚固城,国中太平数年,没有战争。因为耶和华赐他平安。

a. 他儿子亚撒接续他作王:在他父亲短暂的统治结束之后,这位所罗门的曾孙登上犹大王位,那时是耶罗波安在北国以色列的统治末期。

b. 亚撒行耶和华……眼中看为善为正的事:正如列王纪上15:11所记载的,亚撒作为国王,其品性更像他的先祖大卫,而不像他自己的父亲亚比雅。

c. 亚撒……除掉外邦神的坛和邱坛:亚撒发起改革运动,大力打击偶像崇拜和某些官方认可的罪恶行为。

i. 列王记上15:12记载了他的行动:从国中除去娈童。这些得到国家批准的同性恋偶像庙妓,是在罗波安统治时期引入犹大的(列王记上14:24)。亚撒的父亲亚比雅没有除去这些变态悖逆的恶行和偶像,但亚撒王却采取行动,除掉了这些罪恶。

ii. 列王记上15:13还告诉我们,他“贬了他祖母玛迦太后的位,因她造了可憎的偶像亚舍拉。”这表明了亚撒的改革十分彻底。即使是他的家人,尤其是他自己的祖母(在历代志下13:2中称为‘米该亚’)做得不对,他也能够公正行事。“一个人的忠诚,正是在他自己的家庭圈子里才能得到真正的考验。”(克纳普)

d. 吩咐犹大人寻求耶和华他们列祖的神:亚撒王不能强迫百姓寻求耶和华神,强迫百姓顺服他。然而,他可以靠着道德的力量,靠着以身作则,来吩咐百姓寻求神。

e. 又……除掉邱坛:有趣的是,列王记上15:14在谈到亚撒的统治时,这样记载:“只是邱坛还没有废去”。历代志下14:3将这些邱坛与外邦神的坛联系在一起。因此,亚撒除掉了献给偶像的邱坛,但是没有除掉献给耶和华神的邱坛。

f. 那时国享太平……因为耶和华赐他平安:在列王记上15:14我们可以看到:亚撒一生却向耶和华存诚实的心。此处,可以看到由于他对神持守忠心,他和犹大国都得到神的祝福。

i. 又在犹大建造了几座坚固城:“虽然他生活在和平年代,没有战争,但他不忘备战,时刻预备。我们的伊丽莎白女王也是如此,每一位基督的战士也当如此。”(特拉普)

2.(7-8)亚撒大力巩固国防。

他对犹大人说:“我们要建造这些城邑,四围筑墙、盖楼、安门、做闩;地还属我们,是因寻求耶和华我们的神。我们既寻求他,他就赐我们四境平安。”于是建造城邑,诸事亨通。亚撒的军兵,出自犹大拿盾牌拿枪的三十万人;出自便雅悯拿盾牌拉弓的二十八万人。这都是大能的勇士。

a. 于是建造城邑,诸事亨通:历代志的作者收录了这段在列王纪上中未曾记载的内容,是为了鼓励他那个时代的人们。当时,在耶路撒冷被巴比伦人攻陷后,这些人获允重建这座被摧毁的城市。

B. 得拯救脱离古实人的手。

1.(9-11)古实人的威胁,呼求耶和华神拯救。

有古实王谢拉率领军兵一百万,战车三百辆,出来攻击犹大人,到了玛利沙。于是亚撒出去与他迎敌,就在玛利沙的洗法谷彼此摆阵。亚撒呼求耶和华他的神说:“耶和华啊,惟有你能帮助软弱的胜过强盛的。耶和华我们的神啊,求你帮助我们!因为我们仰赖你,奉你的名来攻击这大军。耶和华啊,你是我们的神,不要容人胜过你。”

a. 率领军兵一百万,战车三百辆,出来攻击犹大人:这支令人畏惧的军队显然对犹大国构成了巨大的威胁。尽管犹大拥有一支58万人的军队(历代志下14:8),但这支敌军的规模几乎是犹大军队的两倍。

i. 神的能力不会因为犹大军队规模较小而受到限制,这从他父亲亚比雅在位时神为犹大所做的事就可以知道(历代志下13:3)。

ii. “谢拉本人极有可能是努比亚人(即苏丹人),是法老奥索尔孔一世(约公元前924年至公元前884年在位)军队中的一位将军,奥索尔孔一世是示撒一世的儿子和继任者(可参考历代志下12:2:及以下内容)。”(塞尔曼)

b. 亚撒呼求耶和华他的神:亚撒的祷告显示他对神的能力有正确的认识,他知道神的能力不受因人表面上的强弱而增强或受限。他承认这场战斗的胜败在乎神,他呼吁神维护他的荣耀(不要容人胜过你)。

i. “向神提起他的全部责任。”(梅尔,Meyer)

2.(12-15)神赐犹大胜利,打败古实人。

于是,耶和华使古实人败在亚撒和犹大人面前;古实人就逃跑了。亚撒和跟随他的军兵追赶他们,直到基拉耳。古实人被杀的甚多,不能再强盛,因为败在耶和华与他军兵面前。犹大人就夺了许多财物,又打破基拉耳四围的城邑。耶和华使其中的人都甚恐惧。犹大人又将所有的城掳掠一空,因其中的财物甚多;又毁坏了群畜的圈,夺取许多的羊和骆驼,就回耶路撒冷去了。

a. 于是,耶和华使古实人败:神为亚撒王和犹大国争战;他一出手,效果立现,他们……败在耶和华与他军兵面前。

b. 犹大人就夺了许多财物:神的百姓不仅得蒙拯救,脱离这次危机,他们还因耶和华神为他们争战而获得了财富。从这个意义上来讲,他们得胜有余,因耶和华神出手争战,而他们分享到战利品。

i. “战利品数量巨大,因为敌军人数众多,多到令人难以置信;在一个地方聚集一百万人几乎让人难以想象,但这些数字可能存在一些错误;从整个记述来看,很明显敌军人数众多,战利品也极为丰厚。”(克拉克)

©1996–present The Enduring Word Bible Commentary by David Guzik 

 

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